Milton Friedman (1963) argued that “inflation is always and everywhere a monetary phenomenon in the sense that it is and can be produced only by a more rapid increase in the quantity of money than in...
Recently, many industrialized countries such as the United States and the euro area have experienced high and further rising inflation, whereas in Japan and Switzerland inflation has remained low...
Whereas inflation rates in the US and Europe have risen steeply in the course of 2021, consumer price inflation in Japan stood at 0.1 percent for October 2021 (figure 1). Also, Japan’s producer price...
Do the low inflation rates mean that the purchasing power of Japanese and Swiss citizens has increased relative to other countries over time? The answer seems to be no.
Overall, at least 50 percent of the consumer price index in Japan appears to be government controlled, which is reflected in the significant growth of government spending on subsidies.
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